Journal of Educational Evaluation for Health Professions

Research articles

Training in statistical analysis reduces the framing effect among medical students and residents in Argentina: Raúl Alfredo Borracci, Eduardo Benigno Arribalzaga, Jorge Thierer; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:25. Published online September 1, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.25

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Purpose
The framing effect refers to a phenomenon wherein, when the same problem is presented using different representations of information, people make significant changes in their decisions. This study aimed to explore whether the framing effect could be reduced in medical students and residents by teaching them the statistical concepts of effect size, probability, and sampling for use in the medical decision-making process.
Methods
Ninety-five second-year medical students and 100 second-year medical residents of Austral University and Buenos Aires University, Argentina were invited to participate in the study between March and June 2017. A questionnaire was developed to assess the different types of framing effects in medical situations. After an initial administration of the survey, students and residents were taught statistical concepts including effect size, probability, and sampling during 2 individual independent official biostatistics courses. After these interventions, the same questionnaire was randomly administered again, and pre- and post-intervention outcomes were compared among students and residents.
Results
Almost every type of framing effect was reproduced either in the students or in the residents. After teaching medical students and residents the analytical process behind statistical concepts, a significant reduction in sample-size, risky-choice, pseudo-certainty, number-size, attribute, goal, and probabilistic formulation framing effects was observed.
Conclusion
The decision-making of medical students and residents in simulated medical situations may be affected by different frame descriptions, and these framing effects can be partially reduced by training individuals in probability analysis and statistical sampling methods.

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Numeracy Education for Health Care Providers: A Scoping Review
Casey Goldstein, Nicole Woods, Rebecca MacKinnon, Rouhi Fazelzad, Bhajan Gill, Meredith Elana Giuliani, Tina Papadakos, Qinge Wei, Janet Papadakos
Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions.2024; 44(1): 35. CrossRef

Correlations between moral courage scores and social desirability scores among medical residents and fellows in Argentina: Raúl Alfredo Borracci, Graciana Ciambrone, José María Alvarez Gallesio; J Educ Eval Health Prof. 2020;17:6. Published online February 18, 2020; DOI: https://doi.org/10.3352/jeehp.2020.17.6

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Abstract PDF Supplementary Material

Purpose
Moral courage refers to the conviction to take action on one’s ethical beliefs despite the risk of adverse consequences. This study aimed to evaluate correlations between social desirability scores and moral courage scores among medical residents and fellows, and to explore gender- and specialty-based differences in moral courage scores.
Methods
In April 2018, the Moral Courage Scale for Physicians (MCSP), the Professional Moral Courage (PMC) scale and the Marlowe-Crowne scale to measure social desirability were administered to 87 medical residents from Hospital Alemán in Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Results
The Cronbach α coefficients were 0.78, 0.74, and 0.81 for the Marlowe-Crowne, MCSP, and PMC scales, respectively. Correlation analysis showed that moral courage scores were weakly correlated with social desirability scores, while both moral courage scales were strongly correlated with each other. Physicians who were training in a surgical specialty showed lower moral courage scores than nonsurgical specialty trainees, and men from any specialty tended to have lower moral courage scores than women. Specifically, individuals training in surgical specialties ranked lower on assessments of the “multiple values,” “endurance of threats,” and “going beyond compliance” dimensions of the PMC scale. Men tended to rank lower than women on the “multiple values,” “moral goals,” and “endurance of threats” dimensions.
Conclusion
There was a poor correlation between 2 validated moral courage scores and social desirability scores among medical residents and fellows in Argentina. Conversely, both moral courage tools showed a close correlation and concordance, suggesting that these scales are reasonably interchangeable.

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